LEGAL MINIMUM AGES AND THE REALIZATION OF ADOLESCENTS’ RIGHTS

human child rights consultants legal minimum ages latin america and carribean

A Review of the Situation in America Latina and Caribbean

DESCRIPTION

Age is the primary element defining the end of childhood. In its very first article, the
Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) defines a child as “every human being below
the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained
earlier”. This provision therefore also recognizes that in some circumstances a child can
attain majority before reaching the age of 18.

The present study aims to support the capacity
of UNICEF and its partners to advocate for legal
minimum ages that guarantee adolescents’ rights, in particular their protection against all forms of violence and their development to their full potential. The analysis concentrates on legislative provisions concerning minimum ages and how they play out in the broader context.


The study provides an analytical overview of
selected minimum ages contained in domestic
legislation across the region in various areas.
It focuses on six minimum ages of specific
relevance to adolescent development. They
comprise: the minimum age for marriage, the
minimum age for sexual consent, the minimum
age for medical consent, the minimum age for
admission to employment, the legal age of end of
compulsory education, and the minimum age of
criminal responsibility.

customer

UNICEF

DATE

January 2015

CHAMPIONING CHILDREN’S RIGHTS: A GLOBAL STUDY OF INDEPENDENT HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONS FOR CHILDREN 2012

rights on championing children rights 2012

Innocenti Working Paper

DESCRIPTION

Over the last two decades, progress in the development of independent human rights institutions for children has been remarkable. In 1989, there were far fewer than the more than 200 independent institutions that exist today in over 70 countries. Taking many forms – children’s ombudspersons, human rights commissions or children’s commissioners – they share the unique role of facilitating governance processes for children, and have emerged as important actors for the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Their work remains little known, however, and their specification as both public and independent institutions is often difficult to grasp.

Independent institutions bring an explicit children’s
focus to traditionally adult-oriented governance
systems. Often offering direct mechanisms for greater accountability of the state and other duty bearers for children, they fill gaps in checks and balances and make sure that the impact of policy and practice on children’s rights is understood and recognized. They support remedy and reform when things have gone wrong or results are inadequate. Far from taking responsibility away from the plethora of often better-known institutions affecting children – schools, health services,
government departments, local authorities, private
sector actors and parents themselves – the work of independent institutions complements and strengthens their performance to realize the rights of all children.

customer

UNICEF

DATE

2012

THE ESTABLISHMENT PROCESS FOR A SEPARATE CHILDREN OMBUDSMAN IN TURKEY

CHILDREN OMBUDSMAN TURKEY

Innocenti Working Paper: A Case Study

DESCRIPTION

The paper provides an overview and analysis of the initial steps for the establishment
process of a separate children‟s ombudsman in Turkey. It examines the legal, political and social
reasons why an ombudsman for children would be needed in the country. Specifically, it analyses
Turkey‟s legal framework and international obligations, concluding that lack of implementation of the law and monitoring of children‟s rights are the main challenges. Children have disproportionately
high rates of poverty, and are often victims of various forms of violence, in particular girls. The
political structure of the country is affected by significant tensions, especially with regard to the place of religion in the public sphere. Moreover, civil society is quite weak. A law for a general ombudsman has been adopted by the Turkish Grand National Assembly but recently cancelled by the
Constitutional Court. The paper analyses the possible reasons for the stalemate and looks at the text of
the law from a child rights perspective. Drawing lessons from the foregoing, the study assesses the
goals, risks and opportunities of the establishment process. It focuses on the need to build consensus
on the objectives of the institution, ensure its independence, and implement the establishment process with the participation of key actors, including children.why an ombudsman for children would be needed in the country

customer

UNICEF

DATE

May 2009

UNICEF’S EXPERIENCE IN THE AREA OF LEGISLATIVE REFORM FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF CHILDREN’S RIGHTS

RIGHTS ON: UNICEF’s Experience in the Area of Legislative Reform: A Review of Selected Countries

A Review of Selected Countries

Legislative Reform Initiative Paper Series

DESCRIPTION

The objective of this report is to review UNICEF’s experience in the area of legislative reform,
with a view to sharing knowledge and informing future initiatives to support legislative reform
for the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The review sheds light on
common strengths and challenges in country offices’ experiences in the area of legislative
reform.

customer

UNICEF

DATE

JANUARY 2007

CHAMPIONING CHILDREN’S RIGHTS 2013

CHAMPIONING CHILDREN'S RIGHTS 2013

A Global Study of Indipendent Human Rights insitutions for Children - Innocenti Pubblications

DESCRIPTION

Since the 1990s, independent human rights institutions for children have emerged globally as influential bodies promoting children in public decisionmaking and discourse. There are now more than 200 at work in more than 70 countries. In the vast majority of cases their creation has followed state
ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), which is core to their operation.
These institutions are defined as public bodies with an independent status, whose mandate is to monitor, defend and promote human rights, with a focus
on children’s rights. They take a variety of forms – they may be institutions exclusively focused on children or institutions with a broader mandate that have
an identifiable department dedicated to specific child-focused activities. They go by many different names: ombudsperson, child commissioner, child advocate,
child rights or human rights commission in English; défenseur des enfants or médiateur in French; defensoría or procuraduría in Spanish; and many other
designations in other languages.

customer

Unicef

DATE

2013

THE STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS OF CHILD WELL BEING

human child rights consultants rights on - structural determinating of children well being

An Expert Consultation - Hosted by the UNICEF Office of Research

DESCRIPTION

This paper describes the outcomes of an expert consultation on “The Structural Determinants of Child Well-being” hosted by the UNICEF Office of Research. The two-day meeting brought
together twelve participants to discuss the underlying causes of child well-being and develop an initial framework to consider the impact of structural factors on children’s lives and the inequalities that too often shape (and limit) their futures.
Seven major conclusions emerged from the debate.
There is a large and still to be exploited potential for structural interventions to improve
the lives of children in low and middle-income countries. Some sectors, notably health,
have moved ahead in defining a structural determinants approach to programming and
have a growing evidence base to draw upon. Other sectors have begun to follow but still
have to make their case with the policy community. Until now, there has been very little
work that brings together insights from analysing structural determinants of child wellbeing across all its dimensions in a consistent and rigorous way.
 

customer

UNICEF

DATE

June 2009